The International Society for Fair Elections and Democracy and the second round of local elections took place in five self-governing cities and 15 municipalities as well as for 42 majoritarian seats in 24 local councils.
Domestic observers agree that the second round of the local elections was technically well administered but the pre-election campaign was marked with negative, sometimes anti-democratic rhetoric. Candidates campaigned intensively, but allegations of intimidation and pressure on voters persisted. The blurred line between the state and the ruling party remained a challenge. Use of administrative resources gave the ruling party the advantage and created an unlevel playing field. On election day, instances of gatherings of persons outside of polling stations, alleged vote buying, voter mobilization and tracking of voters negatively reflected on the expression of the free will of voters; in municipalities where there was a narrow margin between the results of the main contenders, this could have had an influence on the election results. The combination of the above trends adversely affected the process. Regretfully, nearly all the violations and shortcomings reported in the first round still prevailed in the runoffs. Thus, election watchdogs consider that this is a missed opportunity on Georgia’s path of democratic development.
Context of the election
On 16 October, the Central Election Commission (CEC) announced the final first round results and called a second round for mayoral elections in five self-governing cities and 15 municipalities as well as for elections of 42 majoritarian members of 24 local councils. In the second round, the ruling party Georgian Dream (GD) took part in all majoritarian and mayoral races. GD candidates were confronted mostly by the United National Movement (UNM) candidates. The official CEC results for the 2021 municipal election run-offs in Georgia show that GD mayoral candidates have won in 19 municipalities, while the opposition contender has won in just one, Tsalenjikha municipality. The difference between the results of the main two contenders was very slim in several big cities of Georgia, including Kutaisi, Zugdidi, and Batumi. Here, the opposition expressed distrust in some aspects of the process which was also demonstrated by a large number of complaints from parties and citizen observer groups as well as recount requests. Statements issued by the EU and US embassies express their hope for a transparent, inclusive and credible recounting of the ballots in some polling stations and fair adjudication of complaints.
Campaigns for the run-offs continued to be offensive and negative. The return and arrest of former President Mikheil Saakashvili had a major influence on the political discourse. Rallies calling for his release and counter-rallies were conducted outside the penitentiary premises. These developments further hardened the political discourse and increased hostility between the contestants. Such adversity made politicians on both sides of the aisle abandon fact-based rhetoric, which makes it harder for journalists to adequately cover the electoral campaign, which became increasingly detached from reality.
Compared to the first round where the opposition’s entire pre-election campaign messaging was streamlined around the referendum idea, this time, opposition managed to slightly shift their focus to local issues, the future of cities, and local development. The UNM underlined the importance of coalition politics as a way forward and called on other parties to help defeat the GD through opposition unity. Subsequently, the majority of opposition political parties gathered around opposition candidates and managed to demonstrate some sort of unity and mobilization. The UNM enlisted other opposition parties to form a prospective coalition government for all five self-governing cities.
This prompted the ruling party to declare that “full mobilization” is needed to decisively win the second round. On the level of top management, the ruling party had advocated an openly anti-democratic political agenda. On 23 October, the Prime Minister made a statement that any municipality won by the opposition will not be able to implement any projects due to their lack of connections with the central government. This was widely condemned by the opposition and civil society as an attempt to intimidate opposition voters and candidates. Moreover, in their public statements, ruling party representatives openly called for an end to the major opposition party, which won between 42-50% of voter support in the elections, depending on the locality. Experts also note with concern previous statements by the PM, stating that Georgia will no longer be governed by the will of a minority, but that instead the will of the majority shall prevail. This was said in the context of appalling attacks on journalists and LGBT activists back in July. Such negative rhetoric used in the election campaign has been met with harsh criticism by embassies and other international stakeholders. Their pressure, together with domestic civil society, has thus far kept the government committed to democratic principles. However, experts worry that this mechanism is no longer working. International commitments are disregarded, and media and civil society have been increasingly targeted.
Additionally, in the spirit of full mobilization, on October 27, 2021, GD conducted a rally of its supporters. It once again raised concerns of abuse of office by the ruling party and intimidation of public servants to attend the rally. Obviously, it required a large public resource to conduct such an event, including costs for mobilizing such a large pool of public servants who were transported from all over Georgia to attend the rally. Some public servants confided in domestic long-term observers, expressing that they have been pressured to participate in the event.
Conduct of the election: E-day violations in and outside of the polling stations
According to information received from domestic observers, the election was technically administered in line with the legal requirements. However, numerous violations and shortcomings were reported:
According to local observers, the outside perimeters of polling stations remained problematic sites where voter tracking, intimidation and control of their free will took place:
Takeaways from this election
The combination of the above listed negative trends and reoccurring pitfalls prompted both domestic and international actors not to hesitate to consider these municipal elections as a missed opportunity for the country’s democratic development. Some international commentators even called this a ‘fifth step back’ in Georgia’s reform steps, which is something that can be seen in both its judicial reform and the general hardening political rhetoric against Georgia’s Western commitments.
Concerning the legal framework for elections, one expert commented that “the body is there, but that the brain is dead”, meaning that technically the law for conducting democratic elections is there, but that the way in which the law is being implemented is problematic. Some experts caution that Georgia is moving beyond the point where things could be improved with legislative amendments and reforms and that there are now much broader concerns of state capture in Georgia that must be dealt with when talking about improving democratic processes in Georgia.
On a positive note, the strong standing of civil society was highlighted which can help form a bulwark against these negative trends and efforts to abolish democratic structures. The increasingly professional coverage on elections by independent, mostly smaller online media outlets, was also mentioned as a very positive aspect in Georgia’s democratic process. Both civil society watchdogs and journalists work in extremely difficult circumstances and the West must continue supporting them in order to assist Georgia in its democratic development.
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