On September 28, 2025, Moldova conducted parliamentary elections amid one of the most aggressive foreign interference efforts to date. Despite Russian-orchestrated vote-buying networks, cyberattacks, and disinformation at an unprecedented level, the pro-European Party of Action and Solidarity (PAS) retained its parliamentary majority, and the electoral process remained credible, according to international observers, including the OSCE/ODIHR. This outcome presents both a strategic success story and a cautionary case study: defensive democracies can prevail, but at the expense of legal gray zones, controversial exclusions, and unresolved legitimacy tensions that require urgent attention.
In this policy alert, Petru Culeac explains the context, analyses the candidates, threat landscape, and multi-layered defense strategy against the hybrid threats, and provides recommendations for a resilient defensive democracy for Moldova.
Petru Culeac is the co-founder and Executive Director of the Moldova Development Institute, a newly established organization dedicated to improving the social, political, and economic landscape in Moldova. With over 15 years of experience in Moldova’s non-pro!it sector, Petru has an in-depth understanding of the country’s context and its development agenda as well as extensive organizational management experience. Until 2023, Petru served as Executive Director of Soros Foundation Moldova, a renowned non-profit foundation, part of the Open Society Foundations network, recognized as a key civil society actor in the Republic of Moldova. Under Petru’s leadership, the foundation expanded its portfolio and successfully implemented numerous technical assistance projects, including for Moldovan authorities in areas such as anti-corruption, justice reform, elections, and education, as well as emergency response projects at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Previously, Petru worked in areas of democracy promotion, free and fair elections, local development, citizen engagement, and youth activism, successfully cooperating with local and international organizations, such as USAID, Chemonics, East Europe Foundation, and IFC. Petru’s academic background includes degrees in Business Management, and European and International Studies from institutions in Moldova, France, and the United States.
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